“All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes”, and “The Conflict Begins: The Battle of First Bull Run”




            “Sometimes we see the Civil War in movies and imagine these neatly aligned rows of men with muskets, walking in line to shoot each other. In reality the things that fascinated me were how absolutely ruthless and violent so many engagements were, how much suffering and how men were not prepared.”[1] The American Civil War was one of the greatest known wars in United States history. The fight between the Northern Union States and the Southern Confederate States that would last just over four years and would see countless battles. The Southern States wanted to secede from the Union because they wanted to expand slavery to the western states but the Northern States wanted to abolish slavery. The war was caused because of mounting tensions between the North and the South. Southern states believed that if they had the right to join the Union than they had the right to withdraw and so eleven states seceded from the Union in order to create their own country after President Lincoln was elected. The first battle of the war was at Bull Run named that by the Union and Manassas by the Confederate army was what changed the field of the war which was greatly thought by many Americans that it would be a short war. As will be the next four years of the only war fought on American soil.
            The book All for the Union: The Civil War Diary and Letters of Elisha Hunt Rhodes is an account of the war from the beginning, though the darkest of times, until its final hours. The diary starts from Rhodes decision to join the Union Army when the war had just begun a decision his mother was originally against and follows his journey as a Union Army private all the way to his final days in the Army as Lieutenant Colonel. Rhodes diary demonstrates the horrors of his first battle that takes place at Bull Run in a letter he had written to his mother. Rhodes describes what he saw when he decided to look upon the battle field writing “When the line had formed again I started off for the scene of action to see how the fight was progressing. As I emerged from the woods I saw a bomb shell strike a man in the breast and literally tear him to pieces.”[2] Throughout the book Rhodes says that he would not leave the army because he wants to see the war to the end and sees his faith in god and country as a way to keep moving forward with the battles and hardships that he would encounter throughout his tenure in the war. Rhodes diary also describes other problems of the war which is constant moving and the living situations of the soldiers who have to constantly battle the elements of the seasons as well as the threat of sickness and death. Rhodes testimony of the war is not only a letter for himself or for his family to remember but also a testimony of the horrors that war can bring to a country as well as the final rewards that can be attained.
            One of the horrors of the war was conceived in its infancy and would be remembered by all that lived through it and that was the Battle of First Bull Run also known as the Battle at First Manassas to the Southern States. The documentary “Civil War Journal: The Battle of First Bull Run” would paint the picture of horror in a war that many thought would only last during the summer months. Opening with a quote from President Lincoln’s words,
All the armies of Europe, Asia, and Africa combined, with all the treasure of the earth (our own excepted) in their military chest, with a Bonaparte for a commander, could not by force take a drink from the Ohio or make a track on the Blue Ridge in a trial of a thousand years. At what point then is the approach of danger to be expected? I answer. If it ever reach us it must spring up amongst us; it cannot come from abroad. If destruction be our lot we must ourselves be its author and finisher. As a nation of freemen we must live through all time or die by suicide.[3]
Starting with the words of the President of the United States the documentary shows the horrors of the first battle. What everyone thought would be a quick war would quickly turn into a bloodbath that would see soldiers retreating scared for their lives. The documentary uses reenactments as a demonstration of the first battle the soldiers played by regular men who hadn’t lived through the war as well as historians speaking about the battle and finally using quotes from the letters and final words of the men who fought and died at there. Describing how the armies of the North and South moved into position as well as the smallest of things that would hinder one army and help the other the documentary moves each piece of a very gruesome puzzle into place for the first battle of the war until the bitter end.
            Where Rhodes diary starts at the beginning of the war and into the march onto the first real battle the documentary shows the true horrors that happened there. The documentary shows both sides of the war, North and South their plans and their movements throughout the area. Though Rhodes talks about the battle and the retreat his part in the battle was incredibly small because his infantry was in the back he did write about the retreat but the documentary showed a longer battle that would bring horrors to anyone who lived through it. Since multiple accounts were brought together in “Civil War Journal” the narrative is more complete and not a one sided account. The documentary also fills in the gaps that are in Rhodes account because he was just beginning his time in the service of the army and didn’t know about all of the things that the higher ups on both sides knew. Another contrast to Rhodes account was that the documentary showed is that people really didn’t take war seriously because when the soldiers were walking towards each other on the battlefield they had spectators. These spectators packed picnic baskets and dressed up for the occasion so that they could see the battle which they thought wasn’t going to have any impact. When the guns started firing and the men were dying on the battlefield those who came to watch retreated and left everything behind. These people were in the crosshairs of a war that had just begun.
            Most people have only read a handful of books based on the American Civil War so it’s a rare treat to be able to read a book that truly encompasses the troubles of soldiers and the truth about a war that is now one hundred and fifty years old. When a person is in school in the United States especially Middle and High School the Civil War is only spoken about for a small amount of time unless the teacher specializes in the subject. Outside of school most people don’t stop and think about something in the past but the past can help most people move forward as well as helping them stop another war. All of The Union is a book that should be read by both students and history buffs alike as it shows the difficulties of choosing a life on the battlefield as well as the rewards someone would attain for their service. Edited by Rhodes great grandson Robert Hunt Rhodes who also plays a significant role in gathering these accounts. Along with Elisha Hunt Rhodes accounts Robert Hunt Rhodes also masterfully add notes to the account of his great-grandfather that would help everyone understand the war and those involved. Though at times the book seems as though it were a lost part of The Lord of the Rings because of the long journey that Rhodes takes between the each battle, but the outcome for Rhodes is still the same his journey is fulfilled and he’s able to see it through to the end. The documentary “Civil War Journal: The Battle of First Bull Run” is something that history buffs and teachers would love since it has a panel of experts as well as the reenactment which would draw in students so that they would learn about the war as well as engaging the students into the narrative of the war. The only thing about the documentary that is distracting is that during the time of Hollywood movies and the new millennium most students would look at the narrative and find it boring. The documentary could also be updated to take into account of more soldiers but that would be something that would only be possible in a Hollywood movie. Outside of there negatives both the book and the documentary would be a great addition for any student as well as any person who likes to read about the past as a way to look into the future.


[1] Author Seth Grahame-Smith  Novelist, screenwriter, film producer
[2] All for the Union – 1861 p. 25
[3] President Abraham Lincoln, Lyceum Address, January 27, 1838

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